Kinds of Thinking
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Thinking is the process of using one's mind to consider or reason about something: "they have done some thinking about something".One of the most interesting processes in human's life is an ability to think that make problem solving and decision making possible. Convergent thinking is a style of thought that attempts to consider all available information and arrive at the single best possible answer. Most of the thinking processes in schools are convergent, as schools require students to gather and remember information and make logical decisions and answers. Divergent thinking is an approach to a situation or concept which focuses on exploring as many aspects of the concept as possible. Starting with a single idea, the divergent thinker allows his or her mind to wander off in many different directions. Divergent thinkers don't have a particular plan and usually develop many solutions to one concept. J.P. Guilford first proposed the concepts of divergent and convergent thinking based on his studies of how different people responded to different types of problems. Metacognition is the high order thinking that involves active control over the thinking processes.Metacognition is often referred to as "thinking about thinking" and can be used to help “learn how to learn.” One of the most interesting processes in human's life is an ability to think that make problem solving and decision making possible.
How do we solve problems???
The solution of many problems can be described by finding an order of actions that can lead to a desirable goal. Each action changes the state and the aim is to find the sequence of actions and states that lead from the initial state to a final state.
Different ways of thinking
Strategy to solve problems
How do we solve problems???
The solution of many problems can be described by finding an order of actions that can lead to a desirable goal. Each action changes the state and the aim is to find the sequence of actions and states that lead from the initial state to a final state.
- Initial state
- Operations state
- Goal state
Different ways of thinking
- An algorithm is a rule that guarantees the right solution by using a formula or other specific, step-by-step instructions. Some algorithms can be really long while others are shorter. For example, in math to solve the problem you have to use algorithm.
- A heuristic is a rule of thumb or shortcut that generally, but not always, solves the problem. Heuristics concern reaching a solution as quickly as possible when a clear method is not available, relying on preconceived notions.
- Availability Heuristic is judging a situation based on examples of similar situations that come to mind initially. people usually reach conclusions based upon popular knowledge. For example, people might think that student from "X" school is smart compare to other school because they are more familiar with with the smart students at "X" school.
- Representativeness Heuristic is judging a situation based on how similar the aspects are to prototypes the person holds in his or her mind.
- Artificial intelligence is a scientific field that focuses on creating machines capable of performing activities that require intelligence when they are done by people.
Strategy to solve problems
- Mental set is a tendency to perceive or respond to something in a given, or set, way. Strategy becomes a habit.
- Functional fixedness is an inability to discover an appropriate new use for an object because of experience using the object in some other function.
- Analogy is a knowledge gained from solving similar problems in the past. However, we might apply the existing knowledges to a new problem incorrectly.
- Creation of subgoals–intermediate, more manageable goals that may make it easier to reach the final goal.